Legal Presumptions in the Administrative Activities of the Internal Affairs Bodies (Police) of the Russian Federation in the Digital Age

Abstract

This article examines the legal regulation of legal presumptions in the administrative activities of the internal affairs bodies (police) of the Russian Federation in the context of the digitalization of administrative law. The aim of the work is to identify and systematize gaps and conflicts in the regulation of key legal presumptions used in imposing administrative liability based on digital data, as well as to develop theoretically sound proposals for their improvement. Legal presumptions are considered a systemic element of the legal regulation mechanism, including the normative consolidation of the presumed position, the supporting fact, and the distribution of the burden of refutation. It is studied that the digital environment of the administrative process (automated recording of offenses, state information systems, electronic document management) creates special liability regimes based on the presumed reliability of digital evidence and the legal link "registration-ownership," which objectively transforms the effect of the presumption of innocence and influences the standard of proof. The need for and
identification of a special group of "digital" presumptions related to the reliability and correct functioning of technical equipment is substantiated. The author's contribution consists of formulating a conceptual model of the mechanism of legal presumptions in the administrative activities of internal affairs agencies (police) in the digital environment and proposing areas for improving administrative and legal regulation that ensure a balance between the public effectiveness of digital law enforcement and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.