State Control over the Activities of Followers of Catholicism and Lutheranism in the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-746X-2025-50-3-574-581Keywords:
state-confessional relations, department of spiritual affairs of foreign confessions of the ministry of internal affairs of the Russian empire, foreign confessions, state control, anti-government propagandaAbstract
Russian historiography pays special attention to the interaction of such important institutions in society as the State and Religion. The Code of Laws of the Russian Empire defined the Russian Orthodox Church “as preeminent and dominant”, thereby consolidating the Orthodox faith as “the one true religion on Earth”. For legislators, the consolidation of such status of the Orthodox faith became a legal expression of the concept of “ours” which was opposed by the concept of “foreign”, that is, “other”, separated from “ours” by religious, ethno-cultural and legal barriers. Consequently, the concept of “foreign confessions” included all “other” confessions. A significant step in the field of legal regulation of non-Orthodox confessions was the approval in 1857 of the Charters of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Confessions, which established a list of confessions related to the concept of “foreign”. The article examines the main issues resolved by the state authorities of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century in relation to confessions classified as “foreign” by the Charters of Spiritual Affairs, namely the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Lutheran Churches. The study concludes that the state paid special attention to cases related to the conduct of anti-government, anti-war and anti-militarist propaganda by persons professing Catholicism and Lutheranism.
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