Тransition of the Russian State from the Concept of “Symphony of Powers” to the Protestant Model of Church Governance (Based on the Example of the Belgorod Spiritual Consistory)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-746X-2025-50-1-59-69Keywords:
symphony of powers, Orthodox Church, church law, customary law, conciliarity, autocracy, Protestant model of church administration, Monastic Order, Holy Synod, Belgorod province, Belgorod and Oboyan DioceseAbstract
The formation of Muscovite Rus as a unified independent state took place, among other things, within the framework of the symphony of powers – close interaction between the Orthodox Church and the state, which had largely taken shape in the Old Russian state. Each side recognized the necessity and usefulness of mutual cooperation. In the context of ongoing state building, the central government needed to rely on the preserved, clearly structured hierarchical church system and the church authorities aimed to strengthen and legitimize their place in the social and state hierarchy of the new unified Russian state. Numerous studies in this area usually associate the rejection of the “symphony of powers” policy and the transition to a Protestant model of state governance of the church with the era of Peter I, but an analysis of archival documents and legal acts of the 15th-18th centuries shows that the law enforcement process of the transfer of powers to govern the church to state structures occurred gradually, as autocracy was established in the Russian state. The author analyses the established practice of state sructures, including the Holy Sinod, governing church entities in the 18th century. The example of Belgorod and Oboyan dioceses shows the subordinate position of the church during that period, often reduced to the role of a kind of propaganda mechanism in the state apparatus, which allows us to re-evaluate this period in the history of the relationship between the Russian state and the Orthodox Church, as well as the formation of church law.
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